Remortiment of Bye-law
Lunder
157 of 1954 section 13.
Reenactment
of Age-Cours made
Ordinance
24 of 1867. sertion 13,'
ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.
Public Health.
western division in the City; and notice of such intended cleansing and lime-washing shall be sent to the Secretary of the Board them clear days before the work is commenced.
NOTE-The western boundary of the eastern division of the City is Gurlen Road; the western boundary of the central division of the City is Morrison and East Streets; the western division of the City lies to the west of Morrison and East Streets. Kowloon is divided into eastern and western divisions by Robinson Bowl and a straight line drawn from the north end thereof through the Yaumati service reservoir to the Northern boundary of Kowloon.
DOMICILIARY VISITS,
1. The Secretary to the Board shall furnish the Inspectors of Nuisances with general authority in writing, in English and Chinese, to enter, between the hours of 8 a.m. and 6 p.m., and inspect, upon reasonable notice to the occupiers or owners, any building and curtilage in their respective districts for the purpose of ascertaining the sanitary condition, cleanliness and good order thereof or of any part thereof, and of any partitions, "mezzanine floors, stories and cocklofts therein, or of the condition of any drains therein or in connection therewith. If it shall be requisite for the purpose of ascertaining the sanitary condition of any domestic building or curtilage, to open the ground surface of any part thereof any Inspector of Nuisances in possession of authority in writing signed by the Medical Officer of Health or by the Secretary of the Board, after giving not less than forty-eight hours' notice in writing signed by either of the aforesaid officers to the occupier or owner of such domestic building or curtilage of his intention to enter the same for the purpose of opening up the ground surface thereof, may enter, with such assistants as may be necessary, and open the ground surface of any such premises in any place or places he may deem fit, doing as little damage as may be. Should the material which has been used for covering such ground surface and the nature and thickness thereof be found satisfactory and in accordance with law, such ground surface shall be reinstated and made good by the said Board at the public expense.
2. The Secretary of the Board shall, upon the requisition of the Medical Officer of Health, or by direction of the President of the said Board, authorise in writing, in English and Chinese, one or more of the Board's officers to enter any domestic building at any hour between 6 p.m. and midnight, for the purpose of ascertaining whether such building or any part thereof is in an overcrowded condition.
3. No officer of the Board shall, between the hours of midnight and 8 o'clock the following morning, enter any domestic building for the purpose of ascertaining whether such building or any part thereof is in an overcrowded condition, without the written permission, in English and Chinese, of the Secretary countersigned by the President of the said Board.
DRAINAGE.
Preliminary Explanatory Notes to Bye-Laws.
A. The following notes convey, in general terms, the principles which should guide the design and construction of house-drains. Before proceeding to lay down in detail the instructions which should be attended to, in order to apply the same satisfactorily, it must be observed that no code of instructions can possibly embrace every case that will occur. It must be remembered that no system of
ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.
Public Health.
house-drainage that has yet been devised, or probably will ever be devised, does away with the necessity for care in use. The real remedy for the inconveniences which are too often experienced from house-drains lies, not in any elaboration of appliances, but in careful construction, careful use, and a reasonably liberal water supply. Without the co-operation of the public, the Sanitary Authority is almost powerless to effect improvement. It is therefore to be hoped that the public will assist, by insisting on good construction and the proper use of house-drains.
B. The object of a house-drain is to carry off, from the dwelling to the street-sewer, water fouled by use, together with all the solid or semi-solid refuse which is usually associated therewith, such as excrement of men or domestic animals, refuse from cooking and the like; in short, the foul liquid usually known as sewage.
The house-drain must be self-cleansing. The sewage as produced in the daily life of the inmates must flow through the drain with a current sufficiently rapid to sweep along with it all suspended matter, so that no permanent deposit can take place. A drain in which deposit takes place is a cesspool in disguise, from which offensive emanations find their way into the dwelling; and from which putrid sewage flows into the street-sewers, making them exceedingly offensive. A badly constructed or badly kept house-drain is, therefore, not only a source of danger to the inmates of the house that it drains, but a public nuisance also. Unless house-drains are well made and properly used, no system of street-sewers, however perfect, can work in a satisfactory manner.
D. Water being the agent which cleanses the house-drains, its liberal use by the inmates of the dwelling is essential to the proper maintenance of house-drains. The sewage must be well diluted. Nevertheless, the quantity of water necessary for the proper cleansing of house-drains is not excessive. The water normally used by the inmates of a dwelling for washing and cooking is sufficient for this purpose, provided that it is really obtainable at all times, either in the dwelling or in close proximity thereto.
The principal point to be attended to, in the design of house-drains, is so to arrange matters that the sewage, as produced, shall flow through them in the most rapid current practicable; so that all suspended matter shall be swept away at once and completely.
2. The speed of a stream flowing through a pipe or channel, of given size and shape, depends upon the following conditions:--
(a) The inclination of the channel.
(b) The smoothness of its surface.
(c) The volume of the stream.
The steeper the slope and the smoother the sides of the channel, the swifter will be the current. The greater the volume of the stream, inclination being the same, the greater the speed.
Thus if a 12" and a 3" pipe have the same inclination, the velocity in the 12" pipe would be about twice as great as in the 3" pipe, provided that both were half full. But to fill the two pipes to this extent, the quantity of water passing through the 12" pipe would be about thirty-two times that passing through the 3" pipe. But if the same quantity flowed through both pipes, then the current in the 3" pipe, being more concentrated, would flow more rapidly than that in the partially filled 12" pipe.
4. These considerations would lead to the conclusion, that the best size, to be used for any house-drain, would be that which would just suffice to carry off the sewage with the pipe not less than half full. Within certain limitations, this is the case,
Page 210
Remortiment of Bye-law
Lunder
157 of 1954 section 13.
Reenactment
of Age-Cours made
Ordinance
24 of 1867. sertion 13,'
ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.
Public Health.
western division in the City; awl notice of such intended cleansing and lime-washing shall be sent to the Secretary of the Board them clear days before the work is commenced.
NOTE-The western boundary of the eastern division of the City is Gurlen Road; the western boundary of the central division of ti City is Morrison and East Streets; the western division of the City lies to the west of Morrison and East Streets. Kowloon is divitei into eastern and western divisions by Robinson Bowl aut a straight line drawn from the north owl thereof throngb the Yaumali verice reservoir to the Northern boundary of Kowloon.
DOMICILIARY VISITS,
1. The Secretary to the Board shall furnish the Inspectors of Nuisances with general authority in writing, in English and Chi- nese, to enter, between the hours of 8 a.m. and 6 pm, and inspect, apori reasonable notice to the neempiers or owners, any building and curtilage in their respective districts for the purpose of acertaining the sanitary condition, cleanliness and good order thereof or of any part thereof, and of any partitions, "mezzanine fonts, stories and cocklofts therein, or of the condition of any drains therein or is connection therewith. If it shall be requisite for the purpose of as certaining the sanitary condition of any domestic building or cuti. lage, to open the ground surface of any part thereof any Inspector of Naisauces in possession of nathority in writing sighed by the Medical Officer of Health or by the Secretary of the Bound, after giving not less than forty-eight hours' notice in writing signed by either of the aforesaid 'officers to the occupier or owner of such domestic building or curtilage of his intention to enter the same for the purpose of opening up the ground surface thereof, misyenler. with such assistants as may be necessary, and open the ground sp face of any such premises in any place or places he may deem ál. doing as little dainage as may be. Should the material which has been used for covering such ground urface and the nature and Thickness thereot, be found satisfactory and in accordance with kw, such ground surface shall be reinstate and made good by the sid Boani at the public expense.
2. The Secretary of the Board shall, upon the requisition of the Medical Officer of Health, or by direction of the President of the said Board, authorise in writing, in English and Chiness, one or more of the Board's officers to enter any domestic building at any hour between 6 p.m. and midnight, for the purpose of ascens taining whether such building or any part thereof is in an edir?- erowled condition.
3. No officer of the Board shall, between the hours of wid night and & o'clock the following morning, enter any domestic building for the purpose of ascertaining whether such building or any part thereof is in an overcrowded condition, without the write permission, in English and Chinese, of the Serretary countersigned by the President of the sail Board.
DRAINAGE.
Preliminary Esplanatory Notes to Bye-Laws.
A. The following notes convey, in general terins, the principles char should guide the design and construction of house-drains. Before proceeding to lay down in detail the instructions which should be attended to, in order to apply the same satisfactorily, it must be observed that no code of instructions enn possibly embrace every case that will ecenr. It must be remembered that no system of
ORDINANCE No. 13 or 1901.
Public Health.
house-drainage that has yer been devised, or probably will ever be devised, does away with the necessity for care in tise. The real remedy for the inconveniences which are too often experienced from hese-dratus lies, not in any claboration of appliances, but in eurofal ernstruction. careful use, and a reasonably liberal water supply. Without the co-operation of the public. the Sanitary Authority is alast powerless to effect improvement. It is therefore to be hoped that the public will assist, by insisting on good construction and the poper use of house-trains.
B. The object of a house-train is to carry off, from the dwelling to the street-sewer, water fouled by use, together with all the solid or semi-solid refuse which is usually associated therewith, such as excrement of men or domestic animals. refuse from cooking and the
ke; in short, the foul liquid usually known as sewage,
The house-min must be self-cloansing.” The sewage s producet in the daily life of the inmates innst flow through the drain with a current sufficiently rapid to sweep along with it all suspend- al matter, so that no permanent deposit can take piace. A drain in which deposit takes place is a coaspool in disguise, from which fensive commations find their way into the dwelting; and from which putrid sewage dows into the street-sewers, waking them ex- Feelingly offensive. A badly constructal or badly kept house-draits is, therefore, not only a source of danger to the inmates of the house that it drains. But a public nuisance also. Unless house-drains are well wade and properly used, no system of street-sewers, however perfect, can work in a satisfactory manner.
D. Water being the agent which cleanses the house-trains, its beral use by the inmates of the dwelling is essential to the proper Maintenance of house-drains. The sewage must be well diluted. Nevertheless the quantity of water necessary for the proper cleansing of house-drains is not excessive. The water normally used by the jumates of a dwelling for washing and cooking is sufficient for this parese, provided that it is really obtainable at all times, either in the dwelling or in close proximity thereto.
The principal point to be attended to, in the design of house- drains, is so to arrange matters that the sewage, as produced, stall How through them in the most rapid current practicable; so that all suspendel amtter shall be swept away at once and completely.
2. The speal of a stream flowing through a pipe or channel, of given size at shape, depends upon the following conditions :--
(a) The inclination of the channel.
(b) The smoothness of its surface.
(e) The volume of the stream.
The steeper the slope and the smoother the sides of the channel,
the swifter will be the current. The greater the volume of the
stream inclination being the same, the greater the speed.
Thus if a 12" and a 3" pipe have the same inclination the velocity in the 12 pipe would be about twice as great as in the 3 pipe, pro» viled that bath were half full. But to fill the two pipes to this atent, the quantity of water passing through the 12 pipe would be about thirty-two times that passing through the " pipe. But if the me quantity flowed through both pipes, then the current in the pipe, being more concndrated, would flow more rapidly thau that in the partially filled 12" pipe.
4. These considerations would lead to the conclusion, that the best size, to be used for any house-drain, would be that which would just suffice to carry off the sewage with the pipe not less than half full. Within certain limitations, this is the case,
210
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.